Latest evidence-based trade guides
Documentation reviewed 14 October 2026. Supplier records, procurement data and logistics identifiers: what the evidence supports and what remains unverified.
Why UN Comtrade mirror figures can differ: a trade-data note is not a supplier accusation
A source-bounded methods guide explains reporter roles and measurement differences; no live extract or supplier allegation is made.
GS1 pack quantities: keep the case identity separate from the unit identity
GS1 pack quantities: keep the case identity separate from the unit identity. Source-bounded trade research; no supplier or shipment guarantee.
GLEIF LEI records: a lapsed registration is not a finding that a supplier is inactive
GLEIF LEI records: a lapsed registration is not a finding that a supplier is inactive. Preserve original record scope before drawing a purchasing conclusion.
UNGM procurement records: an award notice does not document completed delivery
UNGM procurement records: an award notice does not document completed delivery. Preserve original record scope before drawing a purchasing conclusion.
World Bank Enterprise Surveys: keep observations and uncertainty with a sourcing benchmark
World Bank Enterprise Surveys: keep observations and uncertainty with a sourcing benchmark — a documented sourcing interpretation with evidence limits.
Companies House registered offices: useful identity evidence, not proof of a factory location
Companies House registered offices: useful identity evidence, not proof of a factory location
BIC container check digits: a transcription check is not shipment or cargo verification
BIC container check digits: a transcription check is not shipment or cargo verification
GS1 GLNs in a supplier file: ask what the identifier represents before assigning it to a delivery field
GS1 GLNs in a supplier file: ask what the identifier represents before assigning it to a delivery field
SSCC, GSIN and GINC: keep logistics-unit, shipment and consignment references separate
SSCC, GSIN and GINC: keep logistics-unit, shipment and consignment references separate
UNGM registration levels: identify the information scope without inventing supplier endorsement
UNGM registration levels: identify the information scope without inventing supplier endorsement
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